Visualization of the three-dimensional microstructure of TiO2 nanotubes by electron tomography

The internal microstructure of pure rutile nanotubes has been elucidated by means of high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron tomography. The formation and stability of pure rutile fully hollow nanotubes, after removal of carbon nanotubes used as templates is confirmed by 3D electron tomogram analysis. The size, shape and distribution of the nanocrystals which constitute the nanotube, are also characterized by tomography.