Fish processing wastewater as a platform of the microalgal biorefineries

The aim was to develop a bioprocess for conversion of wastes of fish processing into single-cell oil and single-cell protein with parallel water reuse under the scope of a biorefinery. The wastes generated by the process were used to support the heterotrophic growth of microalgae simultaneously converting the organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus of the wastewater into biomass that is suitable for energy and nutrient production. Chemical treatment, based on coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation, was used to separate the biomass of the wastewater, and membrane microfiltration was used to reclaim water and permit reuse in industrial cooling systems.