Prevalence, Antibio-Resistance and Risk Factors for Salmonella in Broiler Turkey Farms in the Province of Khémisset (Morocco)

The problem of contamination of poultry by salmonella in addition to the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella is of a great importance both in the field of public health as well as in the socio-economic sector of the country because of the damage it can cause, but no studies have been conducted so far in Morocco to determine the risk factors of Salmonella contamination in broiler turkey farms. In order to determine the statute of the broiler turkey farms (n= 20) with respect to the contamination by Salmonella, three visits were paid to each livestock buildings. A batch of 10 pools of 5 droppings per breeding by visit were collected (n= 600) and analyzed. All Salmonella (n= 62) isolates were serotyped, confirmed by the presence of virulence gene (invasion) and tested for the resistance to 15 antimicrobial agents by the agar diffusion method. In parallel, an analytical study was carried out to investigate risks factors of Salmonella contamination in these farms. The rate of insulation of Salmonella is important (35 %) and the isolated serotypes are worrying: 36 S. Kentucky, 15 S. Saintpaul, 8 S. Parkroyal and 3 S. Ruzizi River. They have relatively high rates of resistance to tetracycline (79 %) and streptomycin (72.5 %), followed by resistance to nalidixic acid (37.1 %), ciprofloxacin (33.9 %), ampicillin (33.8 %), spectinomycin (32.3 %), trimethoprim (30.6 %) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24.2 %), gentamicin (21 %), kanamycin (17.7 %) and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.1%). Three strains of S. Agona expanded spectrum betalactamase producing which have a high level of resistance to ceftriaxone with a minimum inhibitory concentration (CMI) of 16 µg/ml. The variables associated with this contamination are related to the duration of crawlspace (p = 0,037), treatment with antibiotics (p = 0.001) and the contamination of turkeys poults (p = 0.002) dice implementation, The storage of manure inside the livestock building (p = 0.003), The conservation of turkeys inside the rearing building (p = 0,009) in the breeding season (p = 0.001) and age of turkeys sample (p = 0.01). The high level of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates in the present study, showed the possible Significance of turkey as a source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella for human infections