The influence of new wet synthesis route on the morphology, crystallinity and thermal stability of multiple ions doped nanoapatite

The synthesis of multiple ions doped nanoapatite powder was carried out by wet precipitation technique. A newly developed reaction route with self-controlled pH at high reaction temperatures, i.e. 37 & 85±2 °C was compared to the conventional synthesis route at 37±2 °C. The XRD peaks were very broad, indicating the presence of nanocrystalline apatite. The primary particle size of the powder was in the range of 20–30 nm whereas the fraction of crystallinity was between 0.20 and 0.63. TEM and SEM characterizations confirmed the nanosized primary particles of the apatite samples. The high temperature synthesis at 37 & 85±2 °C improved both crystallite size and crystallinity of the as-prepared samples. A highly crystalline HA phase was formed in the ions doped samples without secondary phases, indicating its thermal stability at 900 °C in both CO2 and air atmosphere. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the synthesised nanoapatite powders was confirmed by cell viability of human skin fibroblasts.