Camphor sulfonic acid doped polyaniline-tin oxide hybrid nanocomposites: Synthesis, structural, morphological, optical and electrical transport properties

Camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) doped PANi–SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized by solid-state synthesis route with varying amounts (10–50%) of CSA. X-ray diffraction studies have proven the successful incorporation of CSA into the polyaniline–SnO2 hybrid nanocomposites and the results are also supported by microstructural analysis. UV–visible and Fourier infrared spectroscopy studies have provided insight into the electronic interaction between the CSA, polyaniline, and SnO2. The room temperature dc electrical conductivity of CSA-doped PANi–SnO2 hybrid nanocomposite films were observed to depend on the amount of CSA doping and the morphology.