Clamping characteristics and pulse aging behavior of ZnO–V2O5–Mn3O4 varistor ceramics modified with Nb2O5

The clamping characteristics and pulse aging behavior of ZnO–V2O5–Mn3O4 varistor ceramics modified with Nb2O5 were investigated at a specified pulse current. The varistor ceramics modified with 0.25 mol% Nb2O5 exhibited the best clamp characteristics, in which the clamp voltage ratio is in the range of 1.83–2.57 at a pulse current in the range of 1–50 A. The varistor ceramics modified with 0.05 mol% Nb2O5 exhibited the best electrical stability, where image and %Δα=−30.8% after applying the pulse current of 100 A.