Influence of the Ca/Mg ratio on Cu resistance in three Silene armeria ecotypes adapted to calcareous soil or to different, Ni- or Cu-enriched, serpentine sites

This hydroponic study addresses the influence of low (0.3) and high (4.0) Ca/Mg molar ratios on Cu resistance of Silene armeria ecotypes from different habitats: a calcareous soil (ecotype Cadriano), a Ni-rich serpentine site (ecotype Prinzera), and an acid Cu-mine spoil soil containing serpentinite (ecotype Vigonzano). Under control conditions, without excess Cu, only Cadriano was negatively affected by the low Ca/Mg ratio. Under both low and high Ca/Mg ratios Cu resistance followed the order Vigonzano > Prinzera > Cadriano. More efficient Cu exclusion accounted for enhanced Cu resistance in Prinzera. The low Ca/Mg ratio increased Cu uptake in Prinzera but did not worsen toxicity effects; i.e. the plants had higher internal Cu effect concentrations. In Vigonzano Cu resistance was enhanced by the low Ca/Mg ratio. This was due only in part to better Cu exclusion. Magnesium-induced tolerance to higher Cu tissue concentrations appears to be in ecotypes from serpentine and acid mine spoils, but not in plants from calcareous soil, the exposure to low Ca/Mg ratio favours internal detoxification of Cu by means of more efficient chelation and compartmentation.