Belite cements obtained from ceramic wastes and the mineral pair CaF2/CaSO4

The cement industry is seeking alternative approaches to reduce the high energy and environmental costs of Portland cement manufacture. One such alternative is belite cement. In the present study clinkers with high (36–60%) belite contents were obtained at 1350 °C from raw mixes consisting of ceramic waste and the fluxing/mineralised pair CaF2/CaSO4. The factors found to affect the mineralogical composition and the clinker phase polymorphs obtained were the lime saturation factor (LSF), the presence of ceramic waste and the addition of CaF2 and CaSO4. The reactivity of these belite clinkers with water was analysed with isothermal conduction calorimetry. A statistical study was then conducted on the findings to determine the effect of each variable when the response signals were peak heat flow rate and the time needed to reach that peak. The statistical analysis identified the optimal experimental conditions to be a LSF of 90%, a CaSO4 content of 2.60%, and the absence of both ceramic waste and CaF2.