Nitrogen compounds in the apoplastic sap of sugarcane stem: Some implications in the association with endophytes

Several nitrogen compounds were identified and quantified in the apoplastic and symplastic sap of sugarcane stems. The sap of stems was composed mainly of soluble sugars, which constituted 95% of the total organic compounds detected. Sap also contained nitrogen compounds, with amino acids (50–70% of N) and proteins (20–30% of N), being the main nitrogenous substances, as well as inorganic forms as ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, in low concentrations (<20% of N). Serine, proline, alanine and aspartic acid together represented around 60% of the amino acids of the sap of both field grown and high nitrogen fertilized plants, and non-nitrogen fertilized plants inoculated with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. The total amino acid content of apoplastic sap was six to nine times lower in non-nitrogen fertilized plants than in fertilized ones. The possible roles of these substances to regulate endophytic associations with sugarcane are also discussed.