Evidentiality, logophoricity and the syntactic representation of pragmatic features

Some languages have evidential morphemes, which mark the Speakerʹs source for the information being reported in the utterance. Some languages have logophoric pronouns, which refer to an individual whose point of view is being represented. Notions like “source of evidence” and “point of view” have generally been treated as pragmatic, with few interesting repercussions in syntax. In this paper, I examine constraints on the grammaticization of these notions. I argue that a uniform account of these constraints requires a framework in which there are syntactic projections bearing pragmatically-relevant features. In particular, the facts support the claim of Cinque (Cinque, Guglielmo, 1999. Adverbs and Functional Heads: A Cross-linguistic Perspective. Oxford University Press, New York) that there are projections for Speech Act Mood, Evaluative Mood, Evidential Mood and Epistemological Mode.