Imposex in the Dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus) due to TBT Contamination: Improvement at High Latitudes

Studies on imposex in the dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) in Icelandic waters in 1998 show that the level of imposex has decreased considerably since 1992–1993, two years after implementation of restrictions on the use of tributyltin (TBT)-based anti-fouling paint. Vas Deferens Sequence Index (VDSI) and Relative Penis Size Index (RPSI) levels have declined considerably, both near large and small harbours. The impact area of a large harbour complex has decreased considerably, while lesser changes were seen in the impact areas near smaller harbours.