Spatial survey of trace metal contaminants in the sediments of the Elizabeth River, Virginia

The Elizabeth River is a sub-estuary of the James River, the most southern tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. It is a highly industrialized area, and has been designated a “toxic hot spot” due to the heavy loads of contaminant metals and organic compounds in its bed sediments. Fifty surface sediment samples were taken along the channels and shoals of the Mainstem and the Southern Branch portions of the river. The samples were analyzed for trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn), Fe and particle properties (% sand, % silt, % clay and specific surface area) to discern the spatial distribution of contaminant metals in this system. Enrichment factors were calculated to assess the overall level of contamination relative to other surrounding waterways as well as historic contamination levels within the river itself. The highest levels of metals were found to be in close proximity to industrial sources of contamination. The overall level of contamination was 3–10 times higher than baseline levels within the river, and 2–3 times higher than contaminant levels in other area waters.