Selenium supplementation of Chinese women with habitually low selenium intake increases plasma selenium, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, and milk selenium, but not milk glutathione peroxidase activity

Twenty-one pregnant women living in Xichang County, China, a selenium-deficient area, were divided into two groups and given either a placebo (n = 10) as yeast or selenium-enriched yeast tablets (n = 11) to provide 100 μg selenium per day. This supplementation was begun the last trimester of pregnancy and continued for 3 months after parturition. Plasma selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity steadily declined in supplemented women, but a curvilinear response occurred in milk selenium and GPX activity in both supplemented and deficient women and in plasma selenium and GPX activity in deficient women. The milk selenium levels were higher in supplemented women but there were no differences in the milk GPX activity between the two groups of women. The plasma α-tocopherol concentrations declined after parturition in both groups but no differences were found between the two groups of women. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances declined in supplemented women but showed a curvilinear response in unsupplemented women, suggesting peroxidative stress in these women. GPX, selenium, and peroxidative responses in plasma and milk following parturition is advocated as a new method to assess selenium status of lactating women.