Copper(II) complexes with N,N′-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline–2,9-dimethanamine: synthesis, characterization, DNA-binding thermodynamical and kinetic studies Original Research Article

Copper(II) complexes (Cu–L, L=N,N′-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dimethanamine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and conductance measurement. The interaction of the copper(II) complex with calf thymus DNA was studied by means of UV melting experiments, fluorescence spectra and circular dichroic spectra. Using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe, the binding mode of the complexes Cu–L with calf-thymus DNA was studied spectroscopically. The results indicate that the complexes Cu–L perhaps interact with calf-thymus DNA by both intercalative and covalent binding. Kinetics of binding of the cupric complexes to DNA was studied for the first time using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe with stopped-flow spectrophotometer under pseudo-first-order condition. The stronger binding of two steps in the process of the complexes Cu–L interacting with DNA was observed, and the probable interaction process was discussed in detail. The corresponding kobs and Ea of binding to DNA (where kobs is the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant, Ea is the observed energy of activation) were obtained.