Phase stability in the LnCa2Mn2O7 (Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) Ruddlesden–Popper series Original Research Article

The synthesis of the Ruddlesden–Popper series, LnCa2Mn2O7, (Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) is described and their structure and electronic properties investigated. The reduction in size of the A-site cation causes an increase in the distortion of their orthorhombic structures (space group Cmcm). All of these compounds form with a perovskite impurity, the amount of which increases on reduction of the cation size. The synthesis temperature also alters the amount of perovskite impurity in the phase, but only to a lower limit, implying the perovskite phase is intrinsic to the material and that a phase equilibrium exists between the layered Ruddlesden–Popper and perovskite phases, which is controlled by the cation size. The magnetic susceptibility show transitions characteristic of the perovskite phase, therefore little direct information can be obtained about the Ruddlesden–Popper phases, except that ferromagnetism is not observed in any of these materials.