Author/Authors :
McEvoy، نويسنده , , Justina and Flores-Otero، نويسنده , , Jacqueline and Zhang، نويسنده , , Jiakun and Nemeth، نويسنده , , Katie and Brennan، نويسنده , , Rachel and Bradley، نويسنده , , Cori and Krafcik، نويسنده , , Fred and Rodriguez-Galindo، نويسنده , , Carlos and Wilson، نويسنده , , Matthew and Xiong، نويسنده , , Shunbin and Lozano، نويسنده , , Guillermina and Sage، نويسنده , , Julien and Fu، نويسنده , , Ligia and Louhibi، نويسنده , , Lotfi and Trimarchi، نويسنده , , Jeff and Pani، نويسنده , , Amar and Smeyne، نويسنده , , Richard and Johnson، نويسنده , , Dianna and Dyer، نويسنده , , Michael A.، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Summary
widely believed that the molecular and cellular features of a tumor reflect its cell of origin and can thus provide clues about treatment targets. The retinoblastoma cell of origin has been debated for over a century. Here, we report that human and mouse retinoblastomas have molecular, cellular, and neurochemical features of multiple cell classes, principally amacrine/horizontal interneurons, retinal progenitor cells, and photoreceptors. Importantly, single-cell gene expression array analysis showed that these multiple cell type-specific developmental programs are coexpressed in individual retinoblastoma cells, which creates a progenitor/neuronal hybrid cell. Furthermore, neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and biosynthetic enzymes are expressed in human retinoblastoma, and targeted disruption of these pathways reduces retinoblastoma growth in vivo and in vitro.
