Simulating the progressive crushing of fabric reinforced composite structures

Simulating the crush response of a glass fabric reinforced thin-walled laminated structural component has been undertaken using the finite element modelling method. The finite element model was developed and analyzed using the PAM-CRASH analysis tool, employing a modified bi-phase material model to describe the behaviour of the elementary ply. The material model treats the orthotropic ply as a quasi-homogeneous layer that includes progressive damage to model material fracture. Description of the material behaviour is accomplished based upon experimentally recorded stress–strain data for both tensile and compressive cases of loading. Simulation results for the demonstrator’s crush response are compared to experimentally recorded data and the predicted deformation states and failure patterns show good resemblance to the experimental data. The initial load response is also well predicted by the simulation and refinement of the material characterisation process is proposed to improve the models accuracy over the full range of crushing.