Numerical modelling of perforation failure in fibre metal laminates subjected to low velocity impact loading

Low velocity impact tests have been conducted on fibre metal laminates (FMLs). The resulting load–displacement traces and deformation/failure modes were then used to validate a series of numerical models. Here, finite element (FE) models were developed to simulate the impact response of the 2/1, 3/2 and 4/3 FMLs, focussing, in particular on the perforation threshold and the associated failure mechanisms. The effect of target size, projectile size and striking location on the perforation behaviour of the FMLs was considered. Good agreement was obtained in terms of the load–displacement traces, as well as the deformation and failure modes.