Modified Kedem–Katchalsky equations and their applications

We derive a generalized form of the Kedem–Katchalsky equations describing passive transport through membranes. The equations include the effect of the boundary layers formed on either side of the membrane on the volume and solute fluxes. The force-flow relationships are given both in a nonlinear, implicit form and a linearized (Kedem–Katchalsky) form. Applications of the generalized equations are also discussed.