Polyamide thin film composite membranes prepared from 3,4′,5-biphenyl triacyl chloride, 3,3′,5,5′-biphenyl tetraacyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine

Two novel of tri- and tetra-functional biphenyl acid chloride: 3,4′,5-biphenyl triacyl chloride (BTRC) and 3,3′,5,5′-biphenyl tetraacyl chloride (BTEC), were synthesized, and used as new monomers for the preparations of the thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The TFC RO membranes were prepared on a polysulfone supporting film through interfacial polymerization with the two new monomers and m-phenylenediamine (MPD). The membranes were characterized for the permeation properties, chemical composition, d-space between polymer chains, hydrophilicity, membrane morphology including top surface and cross-section. Permeation experiment was employed to evaluate the membranes performance including salt rejection and water flux. The surface structure and chemical composition of membranes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the active layer of membranes was composed of highly cross-linked aromatic polyamide with the functional acylamide (–CONH–) bonds. The TFC membranes prepared from biphenyl acid chloride exhibit higher salt rejection compared with that prepared from trimesoyl chloride (TMC) at the expanse of some flux.