Author/Authors :
Alaee، S نويسنده Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz , , Talaiekhozani ، A نويسنده Institute of Environmental and Water Resources Management, Water Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru , , Rezaei، S نويسنده Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz , , Alaee، K نويسنده Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz , , Yousefian، E نويسنده . Department of Midwifery, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan ,
Abstract :
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal to which humans are exposed both occupationally and environmentally. For many years cadmium has been understood as a toxic element to human health, and an elevated level of cadmium exposure has been shown to be related to adverse reproductive effects, especially in men. In this review we studied published data about the toxic effects of this trace element on the total male reproductive system, including gonadal development, testes, testosterone, spermatogenesis and accessory sex glands, to clarify how cadmium causes male fertility problems. For this purpose, in the next sections after introducing this trace element thoroughly, we will separately mention cadmium’s effects on each part of male reproductive system.
