The effect of droplet sprinkling on the oxidation kinetics of zirconium cladding in steam

The seismic qualification of equipment/structures are, in general, carried out either exclusively by analysis or exclusively by testing using a shake table. The analytical methods have the risk of the model not being a true reflection of the structure unless very elaborate modelling techniques are used. Even with an elaborate model there are many idealisations made which may not actually be realised in practice. The shake-table testing, avoids the modelling deviations to a large extent, but is also not without drawbacks. The important ones are the cost and the availability of a shake table of the required size and capacity. The shake-table testing is also carried out on the isolated equipment without the piping/structural connections from other components. The present paper suggests a combined experimental and analytical method on the ʹas installedʹ equipment as an attractive alternative which overcomes the above drawbacks. In contrast to the existing practice of using the experimental results just to validate the analytical model, the suggested method uses the experimentally obtained dynamic characteristics of the ʹas installedʹ equipment to obtain the response to the design seismic load. The paper brings out through an example of a simple storage tank which is too heavy for a shake table, the large deviations in its actual behaviour vis-a-vis an idealised analytical model.