Heck reactions with various types of palladium complex catalysts: application of multiphase catalysis and supercritical carbon dioxide

The application of multiphase catalytic systems for palladium catalyzed Heck reactions brings several benefits such as easy catalyst–product separation and catalyst recycling. The effective multiphase Heck systems can be prepared by using different types of catalyst phases, including biphasic catalysis and supported liquid phase catalysts, and a new generation solvent of supercritical carbon dioxide.