Effect of calcination temperature on the textural properties of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders

Zirconia-based ceramics have been commonly used in many different technological fields. This kind of materials have consequently received a great deal of attention. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the calcination temperature on the morphological and textural properties of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders (3YSZ). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy have been used with such an aim. Once the 3YSZ powders were dried at 100 °C they were subjected to calcination at 300, 500 or 700 °C. The calcination temperature noticeably influences the surface and textural properties of the 3YSZ powders. Textural parameters appear to be closely related to the removal of the alcohol used in the sol-gel synthesis procedure. The largest values of specific surface area and pore volumes correspond to samples prepared at 100 and 500 °C (i.e., 161 and 62 m2/g). In the first case, this fact is attributable to the removal of residual water and alcohol occluded within the powder particles whereas in the second case it may be due to the elimination of gases produced during the calcination stage.