ACOUSTIC NOISE SOURCE MODELLING BASED ON MICROPHONE ARRAY MEASUREMENTS

A method will be presented which allows a construction of an acoustic source model based on the analysis of microphone array measurements during a train pass-by. The conventional array beam-forming technique is used as a kind of pre-processing or first order analysis to calculate in a second step the true source strengths by a back-projection method. The final equation to be solved connects the source power distribution on the vehicle surface with the measured microphone array amplitudes via a Greenʹs function transfer matrix. By these means the side-lobe effects of the array characteristics as well as the Doppler frequency shift and amplitude augmentation of the sources are removed. The model is updated for consecutive time slices during the pass-by so that it is possible to study directional and time-dependent effects on the source characteristics. The method has been applied to measurements on the ICE-V train where three known artificial noise sources (loudspeakers) had been mounted on the outside of the sidewall. The source power distribution function gives a much better source separation than the conventional beam-forming result. The calculated source strengths show a good agreement with the true values.