Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B differentially modulate inflammatory microRNAs in bovine monocytes

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of regulatory molecules involved in many physiological processes, including activation of cells of the immune system. This study investigated the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) on the expression of five miRNAs involved in the inflammatory response, including miR-9, miR-125b, miR-155, miR-146a and miR-223, in bovine CD14+ cells (monocytes). Incubation of monocytes with SEB induced down-regulation of miR-155, miR-223 and miR-125b, but not the anti-inflammatory miRNA miR-146a. Conversely, incubation with LPS upregulated both miR-155 and miR-146a. In vitro incubation of isolated CD14+ bovine monocytes with LPS and SEB elicited different and opposite expression of miRNAs reportedly involved in inflammatory reactions.