Comparison of semi-empirical models for turbulent boundary layer wall pressure spectra

This paper reviews the development of semi-empirical models which calculate the turbulent boundary layer wall pressure frequency spectra. Various models published from the late 1960s to 2004 are reviewed, and the pressure spectra calculated using these models are compared to measured data obtained at various flow conditions at a substantially wide range of Reynolds number and boundary layer thickness. The experimental data consists of flows on flat surfaces in air and cylindrical surfaces in water. A summary of the results on the applicability and limitation of each of the models compared is discussed. A model is identified that provides a good overall prediction of the frequency spectra for all cases evaluated. The readers may use the information presented to choose a model appropriate for their specific applications.