Low-temperature sintering of 12Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3)O3–40PbZrO3–48PbTiO3 with V2O5 and excess PbO additives

Low-temperature sintering of 12Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3)O3–40PbZrO3–48PbTiO3 (12PNS–40PZ–48PT) calcined powders with V2O5 and excess PbO additives has been investigated. Adding 0.20 to 0.40 wt.% V2O5 and 1.0 wt.% excess PbO to 12PNS–40PZ–48PT calcined powders and sintering at 950 °C for 4 h, the sintered samples only contain the perovskite structure. The calcined powders are doped with 3.0 wt.% excess PbO and 0.20 to 1.0 wt.% V2O5 and sintered at 950 °C for 4 h, the coexistence of both tetragonal and rhombohedral phases with the minor phase of pyrochlore is observed. During the calcined powders contain 1.0 wt.% excess PbO and are sintered at 950 to 975 °C for 2 h, the bulk density decreases with V2O5 addition greater than 0.6 wt.%. When the calcined powders with 3.0 wt.% excess PbO are sintered at 900 to 975 °C for 2 h, the bulk density decreases with added V2O5 content increased. The values of the planar coupling coefficient (Kp) approach the maxima, namely, 0.51 obtained for the compacts containing 0.40 wt.% V2O5 and 1.0 wt.% excess PbO and sintered at 950 °C. As the calcined powders are added with 3.0 wt.% excess PbO and 0.80 wt.% V2O5 and sintered at 975 °C for 2 h, the maximum Qm value 1100 is obtained.