Theory and modeling of polarization switching in ferroelectrics

Kinetics of polarization response in ferroelectrics is reproduced within Langevin, Fokker–Planck and imaginary time Schrödinger equation techniques for energy functionals of growing complexity modeling an assembly of coarse grained particles with attractive first neighbor interaction. Symplectic integration based numerical approach captures dynamic hysteresis, polarization switching, and spatially extended stationary polarization. Solution of relevant nonstationary problem is adapted to large scale parallel computing.