artificial epitaxy of ZnO on glass via pulse laser deposition

Wurtzite (W)-type ZnO condensates showed preferred orientation { 1   0   1 ¯   1 } when deposited on glass substrate by pulse laser ablation on Zn target in the presence of oxygen. Such an artificial epitaxy depends on the well-developed { 1   0   1 ¯   1 } surfaces of the condensates, which enabled { 1   0   1 ¯   1 } -specific coalescence to form twin and single crystal regardless of the co-deposited Zn. The W-ZnO condensates have decreasing particle size with increasing oxygen flow rate and a considerable residual stress due to the combined effects of rapid heating/cooling and thermal/lattice mismatch with Zn following parallel epitaxy or ( 0   1   1 ¯   1 ¯ ) W-ZnO / / ( 0   1   1 ¯   0 ) Zn ; [ 1 ¯   2   1 ¯   3 ] W-ZnO / / [ 0   0   0   1 ] Zn involving { 1   0   1 ¯   1 } slip.