Calculations of stratified wavy two-phase flow in pipes

Calculations of fully developed, stratified wavy gas–liquid pipe flow is presented. The wavy interface is represented by an equivalent interfacial roughness obtained from experimental data, which is made non-dimensional following the Charnock formulation. The two-dimensional, steady-state axial momentum equation is solved together with a two-layer turbulence model, which is modified to account for the roughness introduced at the interface. The governing equations are discretized using a finite difference method on a composite, overlapping grid with local grid refinement near the interface and the wall. The immersed interface method is used to make the numerical scheme well-defined across the interface, and a level set function is used to represent the interface. Numerical calculations are found to compare satisfactorily with experimental data.