Problems of particle aggregation in ceramics

Three types of problem are presented to illustrate the thesis that small interatomic forces between ceramic particles have a major influence on the aggregates formed during processing and on the final ceramic product microstructure and strength. The first is a theoretical problem of ceramic particle aggregation to define the weak interatomic forces between spheres. The second concerns the better processing that can be applied to dispersed particles to deliver improved ceramic properties by adding polymer to ceramic dispersions to reduce particle attractions which lead to aggregation. The last is the application of polymer extrusion to make improved ceramic fuel cells which can start up in a short time to provide auxiliary power to new applications. The conclusion is that understanding and controlling weak aggregation forces between particles during powder processing can lead to better ceramic microstructures and products.