Penicillin detection by means of field-effect based sensors: EnFET, capacitive EIS sensor or LAPS?

Three types of semiconductor field-effect penicillin sensors, enzyme field-effect transistors (EnFETs), capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensors and light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) have been developed and tested for the penicillin detection. For all sensor types the enzyme penicillinase was adsorptively immobilised directly onto a pH-sensitive Ta2O5 surface. Some basic parameters of these sensors (e.g. sensitivity, linear range, detection limit, response time, hysteresis and life time) are investigated and their performances with regard to the respective measurement set-up as well as the sensor configuration are compared.