Development of a multiparametric analyser based on ISFET sensors applied to process control in the wine industry

The continuous monitoring of processes in the food industry, and in particular in wine production, holds great interest as it can help to increase the quality of the goods produced and also the efficiency of the production process. One process that is feasible to control is the stabilisation of wine by means of ion-exchange resins. The use of this technique is of great promise since it allows continuous wine treatment and also on-line monitoring systems can be applied to determine the saturation of the resin in addition to the fraction of wine requiring stabilisation. The development of a pH, calcium and potassium analyser for on-line monitoring of wine in a continuous flow system is reported here. The potentiometric sensors used are ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs). The stability of these sensors in hydro-alcoholic media was studied obtaining a sensitivity of 56 mV per decade for the pH ISFET and sensitivities of −26 mV per decade and −50 mV per decade for calcium and potassium sensors, respectively. The long-term stability of pH-ISFETs was 7 and 4 months for cation sensors. Results obtained in the continuous flow system with wine samples demonstrated that the proposed system is capable to detect the saturation point of the ion-exchange resin in wine stabilisation process and also to determine the ratio of wine required to stabilise it.