Estimation of heating time in tubular supercritical water reactors

Reactor efficiency and product distribution in supercritical water (SCW) reactors is greatly influenced by the design of the heating section of these reactors. However, little experimental or theoretical work is available to estimate the rate of heat transfer in such systems. In the present study, CFD modeling of the heat transfer in tubular SCW reactors has been performed. Effects of various operating parameters; i.e. reactor temperature and pressure, flow rate, reactor diameter, and the external heating mechanism, on the heating time constant, the temperature profile along the reactor, and reactor residence time are investigated. Based on numerical simulations, a semi-theoretical model is proposed to estimate the heating time constant as a function of reactor operating conditions. Results of this study provide useful insights for designing continuous supercritical water reactors as well as for the analysis of experimental data obtained from such systems.