Rare-earth hexaborides nanostructures: Recent advances in materials, characterization and investigations of physical properties

Nanostructured rare-earth hexaborides (REB6) are promising materials for photonic and electronic applications due to their unique characteristic. These include high melting point, hardness, chemical stability, low work function, low volatility at high temperatures, superconductivity, magnetic properties, efficiency, thermionic emission, and narrow band semiconductivity. This article focuses on recent developments regarding the synthesis, characterization, and applications of REB6 nanostructures. We first summarize information regarding the classification and crystal chemistry of REB6. Next, we examine the means by which researchers have successfully synthesized REB6. We consider the structural properties and morphology of REB6, and the growth mechanism involved in their fabrication. Finally, we offer suggestions for the use of REB6 nanostructures in photonic and electronic applications, and identifying four areas for further research.