Sol–gel derived carbon nanotubes ceramic composite electrodes for electrochemical sensing

Surface renewable and mechanical rigid carbon nanotubes ceramic composite electrodes (NCE) were fabricated by dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in sol–gel solution. The electrochemical behavior of such electrodes has been compared with carbon (graphite) ceramic composite electrodes (CCE) and evaluated with respect to the electrochemistry of some biological molecules, such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), acetaminophenol (AP), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), epinephrine (EP), dopamine (DA), cysteine (CySH), and hydrogen peroxide with cyclic voltammetry. In all cases, NCE provide better reversibility with substantial decreased overpotential, better defined peak shape, and higher sensitivity compared with CCE. In addition, carbon nanotubes and graphite ceramic electrodes were employed as H2O2 and NADH probes. The obtained experimental results further demonstrated remarkable electrochemical advantages of NCE compared with CCE for analytical applications.