Two-dimensional version of Sternberg and Al-Khozaie fundamental solution for viscoelastic analysis using the boundary element method

In this work a general and concise two-dimensional fundamental solution is obtained for quasi-static linear viscoelastic problems using the boundary element method. For this purpose, the three-dimensional fundamental displacement, derived by Sternberg and Al-Khozaie from the generalization of Navier equation, is integrated with respect to z-coordinate. A time formulation is constructed from the viscoelastic Reciprocity Principle, defined in terms of the Stieltjes integral and the material functions are acquired by means of Boltzmannʹs rheological model. The collocation method and a semi-analytical procedure for the singular boundary integral are employed to the numerical analysis of the boundary integral. The Gaussian quadrature, the analytical method and an incremental approach are used to deal with the convolution integral. As the latter has presented the best performance, it is employed in most analyses of the examples. Finally, numerical results of problems, found in the literature, are presented in order to validate the formulation and the two-dimensional fundamental solution.