Effect of promoters including WO3 and BaO on the activity and durability of V2O5/sulfated TiO2 catalyst for NO reduction by NH3

The effect of tungsten and barium oxides on the activity and durability of V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for NO reduction by NH3 was examined. Tungsten enhanced the NO removal activity of V2O5 catalyst supported on sulfur-free TiO2, while no effect of tungsten was observed for the V2O5 catalyst supported on sulfated TiO2. The tungsten oxide promotes the formation of polymeric vanadate that is a strong active reaction site for NO reduction by NH3. When both tungsten and sulfur simultaneously exist on the surface of V2O5/TiO2, the sulfur species seems to play a more important role for NO removal activity than tungsten. The tungsten oxide on the V2O5/TiO2 catalyst also enhances the activity for SO2 oxidation by promoting the adsorption of SO2, regardless of the presence of sulfur species on the catalyst surface. The NO removal activity of V2O5 catalyst supported on sulfur-free TiO2 has been significantly reduced by barium oxide, mainly due to the formation of inactive VOBa compound through the strong interaction of vanadia with barium oxide. No change of NO removal activity over V2O5-BaO/sulfated TiO2, however, was examined by the addition of barium oxide, since the structure of vanadium oxide was not altered on the surface of the sulfated TiO2. The SO2 oxidation reaction over V2O5-BaO/TiO2 catalysts was significantly suppressed by the addition of barium oxide to the catalyst. The barium oxide seems to reduce the redox ability of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface as well as the adsorption capacity of SO2. Based on the temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Raman and XPS observations, the surface structure of vanadium and its interaction with tungsten and barium oxides has been illustrated when sulfur exists on the surface of TiO2.