Sequential Oxygenation of Linoleic Acid in the Fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis: Stereochemistry of Dioxygenase and Hydroperoxide Isomerase Reactions

Linoleic acid is sequentially oxygenated to (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid by dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase activities present in the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis (Brodowsky, I. D., Hamberg, M., and Oliw, E. H., J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14738-14745 (1992)). Linoleic acids stereospecifically deuterated at C-7 and C-8 were prepared by biological desaturation of the corresponding stearates and used to determine the stereochemistry of the hydrogen abstractions occurring in the dioxygenase- and hydroperoxide isomerase-catalyzed reactions. The dioxygenase reaction was found to involve stereospecific abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen from C-8 followed by antarafacial insertion of dioxygen to produce (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. The hydroperoxide isomerase reaction consisted of conversion of (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid into (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid by stereospecific elimination of the pro-S hydrogen from C-7 and intramolecular suprafacial insertion of oxygen at C-7. Accordingly, during the conversion of linoleic acid into (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, the absolute configuration of C-8 was inverted, while the conversion of (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid into (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid occurred with retention of absolute configuration at C-7.