Dynamics of flexible beams: Finite-element formulation based on interpolation of strain measures

This paper presents a new finite-element formulation for the dynamic analysis of three-dimensional beams. The formulation is based on the geometrically exact three-dimensional beam theory in which the strain vectors are the only unknown functions of the arc-length parameter. The classical Newmark time integration scheme extended to the multiplicative group of spatial rotations is used and properly adapted for the strain-based formulation. The Generalized- α method is used to enforce a numerical dissipation of higher modes. The update procedure needed in the iteration process is discussed in detail. The exact linearization of the governing equations is also presented. The performance of the formulation is demonstrated with numerical examples.