Sampling of discrete materials: III. Quantitative approach—sampling of one-dimensional objects

Part III delineates the close relationships which exist between zero- and one-dimensional objects. The one-dimensional model of flowing streams of matter is presented in sufficient detail to appreciate how on this basis it is possible to perform a complete characterisation of the various heterogeneity components involved. This is achieved by the variogram, which forms the central one-dimensional TOS tool for practical sampling purposes. The variogram and its features and properties are introduced in detail. The three principal sampling selection modes of one-dimensional systems are delineated. Lastly it is explained how a variographic experiment allows estimation of the sampling errors involved in a particular sampling strategy.