Analysis of DNA-bound advanced glycation end-products by LC and mass spectrometry

Sugars and sugar degradation products readily react in vitro with guanine derivatives, resulting in the formation of DNA-bound advanced glycation end-products (DNA-AGEs). The two diastereomers of N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2′-deoxyguanosine (CEdGA,B) and the cyclic adduct of methylglyoxal and 2′-deoxyguanosine (mdG) (N2-7-bis(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-2′-deoxyguanosine have also been detected in cultured cells and/or in vivo. LC–MS/MS methods have been developed to analyze sensitively DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, the chemical structures of possible DNA-AGEs and the application of LC–MS/MS to measure DNA-AGEs are reviewed.