Author/Authors :
Giorgos Mellios، نويسنده , , Giorgos and Samaras، نويسنده , , Zissis and Martini، نويسنده , , Giorgio and Manfredi، نويسنده , , Urbano and McArragher، نويسنده , , Steve and Rose، نويسنده , , Ken، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
A vehicle testing programme has been designed in order to calibrate and validate an empirical evaporative emissions model developed in previous work. To this aim, a large number of “targeted” tests have been performed on four vehicles covering a wide range of the model input parameters such as fuel volatility, ambient temperature, fuel tank and carbon canister size, fuel system materials. The fair agreement between modelled and measured values demonstrates that “bottom-up” modelling work and “top-down” vehicle testing may be combined to predict evaporative emissions on a vehicle level.
