Continuous pyrolysis of waste tyres in a conical spouted bed reactor

Continuous pyrolysis of scrap tyres has been carried out in a conical spouted bed reactor and the results (yields, composition of the volatile fraction and carbon black properties) have been compared with those obtained operating in batch mode in a previous study. Continuous operation in the 425–600 °C range gives way to a yield of 1.8–6.8 wt.% of gases, 44.5–55.0 wt.% of liquid fraction (C5–C10 range hydrocarbons, with a maximum yield of limonene of 19.3 wt.% at 425 °C), 9.2–11.5 wt.% of tar C 11 + and 33.9–35.8 wt.% of char. The main differences between the continuous and batch processes are in the yield of light aromatics, which is higher in the continuous process, and in that of the heavy liquid fraction or tar, which is higher in the batch process. These are the advantages of the continuous process, although hydrogenation of the liquid fraction is required even in this case in order to use it as fuel. The high yield of limonene, the flexibility in the operating conditions and the capacity for a continuous removal of the residual carbon black from the reactor are the advantages of conical spouted bed technology. The excellent performance of the conical spouted bed reactor for the tyre pyrolysis process is due to the solid cyclic movement, the good contact between phases, the high heating rate and the reduced residence time of the volatile products.