Influence of staged-air flow on flow characteristics in a scale model of a down-fired utility boiler with swirl burners: An experimental study

Using an IFA300 constant temperature anemometer system, cold air experiments on a scale-model of a down-fired pulverized-coal 300 MWe utility boiler with swirl burners were performed to investigate the influence of the staged-air flow ratio on flow characteristics in the furnace. This ratio was increased in incremental steps over the range of 7%–20%. The flame reach of the downward airflow was decreased with the ratio increased. A shallower reach is accompanied by a weaker mixing of vent and staged-air. At lower ratios, mixing is good and thus favors coal combustion but weak mixing at intermediate ratios produces a delay in the mixing point. This is compensated by an increasing recirculation zone under the arch that benefits ignition and the appearance of an upward airflow below the mixing point due to an increasing influence of vent air. At higher ratios still, this upward flowing disturbance is centered higher up in the furnace generated primarily by mixing with staged-air as vent-air mixing weakens.