The impact of calcium sulfate and inert solids accumulation in post-combustion calcium looping systems

Postcombustion CO2 capture by calcium looping (CaL) is being rapidly developed for coal combustion applications. This work discusses the impact of the accumulation of CaSO4 and other inert solids on CO2 capture efficiency and the overall CaL process performance. Several process configurations are considered, and the mass and energy balances and an updated carbonator reactor model are solved for each configuration. The minimum fresh sorbent requirements for sustaining a certain level of CO2 capture efficiency are quantified as well as the effects of an increase in the make-up flow. It was found that the main effect on the CaL process is produced by the sulfur present in the coal fed to the calciner and in the flue gas entering the carbonator. For a typical set of operating conditions it was calculated that the deactivating effect caused by an increase of 0.5% in the sulfur content with respect to a reference coal (low ash content) fed to the calciner is similar to the effect caused by the accumulation of inerts when using a coal with 15% more ash.