SPH Simulation of River Ice Dynamics

This paper describes a two-dimensional numerical model for dynamic transport and jamming of surface ice in rivers. The hydrodynamic component of the model uses an Eulerian finite-element method, while the ice dynamic component uses the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. The model considers the moving surface ice as a continuum. The internal ice resistance is formulated with a viscous–plastic constitutive law, in which the pressure term is formulated by modifying the Coulomb-type constitutive relationship for static ice jams. The partial-slip boundary condition for ice along solid boundaries is treated by the method of images. The model is verified with an analytical solution and used to examine the feasibility of using ice booms to reduce the jamming potential in the Mississippi–Missouri River confluence.