An investigation of the Li1+δMn2−δO4 cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries Part II: Characterization and delithiating mechanism

The Hunterʹs chemical delithiating process has been applied for the first time to produce Li+-extracted materials from δ-spinel lithium manganese oxides. The characterization of the obtained materials has been investigated by the laser diffraction (LD) technique and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Jager–Vetter titration, as well as the scanning electron microscope technique (SEM). The charge/discharge curves of the starting material Li1+δMn2−δO4, δ=0.044 and its Li+-extracted materials Lix+δMn2−δO4 are also tested. Upon the above testing results and analyses, the present work firstly proposes the mechanism of the chemical delithiating process for the stoichiometric spinel compounds Li1+δMn2−δO4 (0⩽δ⩽0.33).