Optical and structural characteristics of sol–gel-deposited tungsten oxide and vanadium-doped tungsten oxide films

The optical and structural properties of sol–gel spin-coated WO3 and Vanadium-doped WO3 thin films were investigated. These films have been produced by a sol–gel technique. The refractive index, extinction coefficient and optical band gap of the films have been calculated with respect to the number of coating layers. The surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical constants of WO3- and V-doped tungsten oxides were determined by using spectrophotometric transmissivity in the UV-visible region.